For decades, manufacturers have worked to balance their supply chains carefully. They consider factors like incentives, regulations, and penalties in the pursuit of profit.
In 2025, companies such as Toyota face added pressure with the introduction of new tariffs. These tariffs depend on the origin of imported parts and the location of a vehicle’s final assembly.
The Kentucky-built RAV4 may not face major issues, but imported Toyotas will be impacted. Fully domestic production can protect automakers from heavy import taxes, but building new plants quickly is a challenge.
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Considering the new tariffs, we set out to identify which models each manufacturer assembles in the US and are likely to be exempt. To do this, we reviewed documentation from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and data from each manufacturer about their final assembly locations. The tables display the assembly locations and the vehicles produced in each city.
BMW AG
|
BMW Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Spartanburg, SC |
X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, XM |
BMW‘s plant in Spartanburg, SC, is the heart of its US manufacturing operations. As the company’s largest global facility, it produces most of BMW’s sports activity vehicle lineup. While a significant portion of these vehicles are exported, the Spartanburg facility will help shield BMW from the impact of new tariffs.
Models Produced:
- BMW X3
- BMW X4 and X4M
- BMW X5
- BMW X6
- BMW X7
- BMW XM
Ford Motor Company
|
Ford Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Dearborn, MI |
F-150 |
|
Flat Rock, Mi |
Mustang |
|
Chicago, IL |
Explorer, Aviator |
|
Wayne, MI |
Bronco, Ranger |
|
Lousiville, KY |
Escape, Corsair |
|
Kansas City, MO |
F-150 |
|
Kentucky, KY |
Expedition, Navigator |
Ford has deep American roots and a strong manufacturing presence in the US. Many of its well-known models, like the best-selling F-150, are made across several states, including Kentucky, Missouri, and Michigan. Lincoln, Ford’s luxury brand, also manufactures its models domestically.
Models Produced:
- Ford Bronco
- Ford Escape and Escape PHEV
- Ford Expedition
- Ford Explorer
- Ford F-150 and F-150 EV
- Ford Mustang
- Ford Ranger
- Lincoln Aviator
- Lincoln Corsair
- Lincoln Navigator
GM LLC
|
GM Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Arlington, TX |
Escalade |
|
Spring Hill, TN |
XT5, XT6 |
|
Detroit-Hamtramck, MI |
Silverado, Sierra, Hummer |
|
Lansing, MI |
CT4, CT5, Traverse, Enclave, Acadia |
|
Fairfax, KS |
Malibu, XT4 |
GM manufactures various vehicles under the Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick brands in the US. Its assembly plants produce models like the Escalade, Silverado, and Hummer. Among major manufacturers, GM is likely in the best position to manage the impact of the new 25 percent tariffs.
Models Produced:
- Buick Enclave
- Cadillac CT4
- Cadillac CT5
- Cadillac Escalade and Escalade EV
- Cadillac XT4
- Cadillac XT5
- Cadillac XT6
- Chevrolet Malibu
- Chevrolet Silverado/Sierra EV
- Chevrolet Traverse
- GMC Acadia
- GMC Hummer EV Pickup and SUV
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Honda Motor Co. Ltd
|
Honda Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Marysville, OH |
Integra, Accord, TLX |
|
East Liberty, OH |
CR-V, MDX, RDX |
|
Lincoln, AL |
Odyssey, Passport, Pilot, Ridgeline |
|
Greensburg, IN |
Civic, CR-V (certain models) |
Honda is one of the most dedicated foreign automakers to US-based manufacturing. Its plants in Ohio and Alabama produce vehicles like the Odyssey and Ridgeline for Honda, and the MDX for Acura, its luxury brand.
Models Produced:
- Acura Integra
- Acura MDX
- Acura RDX
- Acura TLX
- Honda Accord and Accord Hybrid
- Honda Civic (certain models)
- Honda CR-V (certain models)
- Honda Odyssey
- Honda Passport
- Honda Pilot
- Honda Ridgeline
Hyundai Motor Company
|
Hyundai Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Montgomery, AL |
Sante Fe, Tucson, Santa Cruz, GV70 and GV70 Hybrid |
|
Bryan County, GA |
Ioniq |
Hyundai‘s North American production is centered in Montgomery, AL. The plant primarily focuses on SUVs and compact pickups, key segments in its marketing strategy.
Models Produced:
- Genesis GV70 and GV70 EV
- Hyundai Ioniq 5 (certain models)
- Hyundai Santa Cruz
- Hyundai Santa Fe and Santa Fe HEV
- Hyundai Tucson
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Kia Motors
|
Kia Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
West Point, GA |
Telluride, Sorento, Sportage, EV6, EV9 |
Like other manufacturers, Kia is focused on electric vehicles (EVs) and, with US final assembly, makes more of its models eligible for EV-related incentives. Most of its production occurs in Georgia, including key SUV and crossover models that form the core of its lineup.
Models Produced:
- Kia EV6
- Kia EV9
- Kia Sorento (certain models)
- Kia Telluride
Mazda Motor Corporation
|
Mazda Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Huntsville, AL |
CX-50, CX-50 Hybrid |
Mazda has a joint venture with Toyota for its US manufacturing base. This facility produces the adventure-focused CX-50 SUV for the American market, while other models continue to be assembled in Japan.
Models Produced:
- Mazda CX-50 and CX-50 Hybrid
Mercedes-Benz USA
|
Mercedes-Benz Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Tuscaloosa, AL |
GLE, GLS, EQE SUV, EQS SUV |
Mercedes-Benz operates a major manufacturing facility in Alabama, producing several high-end SUVs. However, its AMG high-performance vehicles are all made in Europe, with the Alabama plant also supporting exports to other markets.
Models Produced:
- Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV
- Mercedes-Benz EQS SUV
- Mercedes-Benz GLE and GLE SUV
- Mercedes-Benz GLS SUV
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Nissan North America
|
Nissan Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Smyrna, TN |
Altima, Pathfinder, Murano, Leaf |
|
Canton, MS |
Frontier, QX60 |
Nissan has a strong local presence, with models like the Frontier pickup, Murano SUV, and Leaf electric vehicle built in the US. Its luxury brand, Infiniti, also assembles the QX60 domestically.
Models Produced:
- Infiniti QX60
- Nissan Altima
- Nissan Frontier
- Nissan Leaf
- Nissan Murano
- Nissan Pathfinder
- Nissan Rogue
Subaru
|
Subaru Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Lafayette, IN |
Outback, Ascent, Legacy, Crosstrek |
Subaru depends heavily on the US market, making it no surprise that it has established manufacturing facilities here. The Indiana plant assembles key models like the Legacy, featuring Subaru’s signature symmetrical all-wheel drive and high safety ratings, which are popular with US buyers.
Models Produced:
- Subaru Ascent
- Subaru Crosstrek
- Subaru Legacy
- Subaru Outback
Tesla Inc.
|
Tesla Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Fremont, CA |
Model S, Model X, Model 3 |
|
Austin, TX |
Model Y, Cybertruck |
Tesla stands out by assembling 100 percent of its vehicles in the US. With factories in California and Texas, it maintains tight control over its supply chain, ensuring all its models qualify for federal EV incentives.
Models Produced:
- Tesla Cybertruck
- Tesla Model 3
- Tesla Model S
- Tesla Model X
- Tesla Model Y
Toyota
|
Toyota Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Georgetown, KY |
Camry, ES 250, ES 300, ES 350 |
|
Princeton, IN |
Highlander, Grand Highlander, Sienna, TX 350, TX 500, TX 550 |
|
San Antonio, TX |
Sequoia, Tacoma, Tundra |
|
Blue Springs, MS |
Corolla |
Toyota produces a wide range of vehicles in the US at assembly plants across three states. With a long history of operations in the country, Toyota and Lexus remain major players in the domestic auto market.
Models Produced:
- Lexus ES 250
- Lexus ES 300
- Lexus ES 350
- Lexus TX 350
- Lexus TX 500
- Lexus TX 550
- Toyota Camry
- Toyota Corolla (certain models)
- Toyota Grand Highlander
- Toyota Highlanders and Highlander Hybrid
- Toyota Sequoia
- Toyota Sienna
- Toyota Tundra and Tundra Hybrid
The Toyota RAV4 was the best-selling car in the US last year. However, it is one of several models Toyota builds in Japan and imports, meaning it will be subject to a 25 percent tariff, which could impact its sales ranking.
Volkswagen
|
Volkswagen Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Chatanooga, TN |
Atlas, Atlas Cross Sport |
Volkswagen offers a broad range of vehicles in the US, but it only assembles the Atlas and its Cross Sport SUV variant domestically.
Models Produced:
- Volkswagen Atlas
- Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport
Volvo
|
Volvo Domestic Assembly Plant(s) |
Model(s) Produced |
|
Ridgeville, SC |
S60, EX90 |
Volvo plans to become an all-electric brand by the end of the decade and has invested in a US plant to support this shift. The EX90 electric SUV will be produced at its South Carolina facility. The S60 sedan was also assembled at this plant, but production will end after the 2025 model year.
Models Produced:
Source: NHTSA
