China’s chip industry is growing faster than anywhere else in the world, after U.S. sanctions on local champions from Huawei Technologies to Hikvision spurred appetite for home-grown components.
Nineteen of the world’s 20 fastest-growing chip industry firms over the past four quarters, on average, hail from the world’s No. 2 economy, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
That compared with just eight at the same point last year.
Those China-based suppliers of design software, processors and gear vital to chipmaking are expanding revenue at several times the likes of global leaders Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing or ASML Holding.
That supercharged growth underscores how tensions between Washington and Beijing are transforming the global $550 billion semiconductor industry – a sector that plays an outsized role in everything from defense to the advent of future technologies like AI and autonomous cars.
In 2020, the U.S. began restricting sales of American technology to companies like Semiconductor Manufacturing International and Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology, successfully containing their growth – but also fueling a boom in Chinese chip-making and supply.
While shares in the likes of Cambricon Technologies have more than doubled from lows this year, analysts say there may still be room to grow.
Beijing is expected to orchestrate billions of dollars of investment in the sector under ambitious programs such as its “Little Giants” blueprint to endorse and bankroll national tech champions, and encourage “buy China” tactics to sidestep U.S. sanctions.
The rise of indigenous names has caught the attention of some of the pickiest clients: Apple Inc. was said to consider Yangtze Memory Technologies Co. as its latest supplier of iPhone flash memory.
“The biggest underlying trend is China’s quest for self-sufficiency in the supply chain, catalyzed by COVID-related lockdowns,” Morningstar analyst Phelix Lee wrote in an email responding to inquiries from Bloomberg News.
“Amid lockdowns, Chinese customers who mostly use imported semiconductors need to source homegrown alternatives to ensure smooth operations.”
The FactSet China Semiconductor Index, which tracks some of the country’s biggest industry players, has gained roughly 20% since late April, when COVID lockdowns pushed local prices higher.
But it remains down about a third from its July 2021 peak.
At the heart of Beijing’s ambitions is the impetus to wean itself off a geopolitical rival and more than $430 billion worth of imported chipsets in 2021.
Orders for chip-manufacturing equipment from overseas suppliers rose 58% last year as local plants expanded capacity, data provided by industry body Semi show.
That in turn is driving local business.
Total sales from Chinese-based chipmakers and designers jumped 18% in 2021 to a record of more than $150 billion, according to the China Semiconductor Industry Association.
A persistent chip shortage that’s curtailing output at the world’s largest makers of cars and consumer electronics is also working in local chipmakers’ favor, helping Chinese suppliers more easily access the international market – sometimes with premiums tacked onto the best-selling products, such as auto and PC chips.
SMIC and Hua Hong Semiconductor, the biggest contract chip makers, have kept their Shanghai-based plants operating at almost full capacity even as the worst COVID-19 outbreak since 2020 paralyzes factories and logistics across China.
With local authorities’ help, cargo flights from Japan delivered essential materials and gear to chip plants as the city went under lockdown.
